From 3350c419475843abbbc55619e7c6244a463c8e54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 10 May 2026 07:43:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] gh-149642: Fix interaction between exec and lazy_imports=all

---
 Lib/test/test_lazy_import/__init__.py         | 53 +++++++++++++++++++
 ...-05-10-07-42-36.gh-issue-149642.6ZksML.rst |  2 +
 Python/ceval.c                                | 16 ++++--
 3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-10-07-42-36.gh-issue-149642.6ZksML.rst

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_lazy_import/__init__.py b/Lib/test/test_lazy_import/__init__.py
index 1d1d2e00bd733f..7828b7ae75ba20 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_lazy_import/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_lazy_import/__init__.py
@@ -281,6 +281,15 @@ def f():
             f()
         self.assertIn("only allowed at module level", str(cm.exception))
 
+    def test_lazy_import_exec_in_class(self):
+        """lazy import via exec() inside a class should raise SyntaxError."""
+        # exec() inside a class body also has non-module-level locals.
+        with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as cm:
+            class C:
+                exec("lazy import json")
+
+        self.assertIn("only allowed at module level", str(cm.exception))
+
     @support.requires_subprocess()
     def test_lazy_import_exec_at_module_level(self):
         """lazy import via exec() at module level should work."""
@@ -332,6 +341,50 @@ def test_eager_import_func(self):
         f = test.test_lazy_import.data.eager_import_func.f
         self.assertEqual(type(f()), type(sys))
 
+    def test_exec_import_func(self):
+        """Implicit lazy imports via exec() inside functions should be eager."""
+        sys.set_lazy_imports("all")
+
+        def f():
+            exec("import test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2")
+
+        f()
+        self.assertIn("test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2", sys.modules)
+
+    def test_exec_import_func_with_lazy_modules(self):
+        """__lazy_modules__ should not make exec() imports lazy inside functions."""
+        globals()["__lazy_modules__"] = ["test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2"]
+        try:
+            def f():
+                exec("import test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2")
+
+            f()
+            self.assertIn("test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2", sys.modules)
+        finally:
+            del globals()["__lazy_modules__"]
+
+    def test_exec_import_class(self):
+        """Implicit lazy imports via exec() inside classes should be eager."""
+        sys.set_lazy_imports("all")
+
+        class C:
+            exec("import test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2")
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(C)
+        self.assertIn("test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2", sys.modules)
+
+    def test_exec_import_class_with_lazy_modules(self):
+        """__lazy_modules__ should not make exec() imports lazy inside classes."""
+        globals()["__lazy_modules__"] = ["test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2"]
+        try:
+            class C:
+                exec("import test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2")
+
+            self.assertIsNotNone(C)
+            self.assertIn("test.test_lazy_import.data.basic2", sys.modules)
+        finally:
+            del globals()["__lazy_modules__"]
+
 
 class WithStatementTests(unittest.TestCase):
     """Tests for lazy imports in with statement context."""
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-10-07-42-36.gh-issue-149642.6ZksML.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-10-07-42-36.gh-issue-149642.6ZksML.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..815a084db69d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-10-07-42-36.gh-issue-149642.6ZksML.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Allow imports inside ``exec()`` calls within functions under
+``PYTHON_LAZY_IMPORTS=all``.
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 060e948e6b01c9..a080ae42b93766 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -3059,25 +3059,35 @@ check_lazy_import_compatibility(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *globals,
     return res;
 }
 
+static int
+is_lazy_import_module_level(void)
+{
+    _PyInterpreterFrame *frame = _PyEval_GetFrame();
+    return frame != NULL && frame->f_globals == frame->f_locals;
+}
+
 PyObject *
 _PyEval_LazyImportName(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *builtins,
                        PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *name,
                        PyObject *fromlist, PyObject *level, int lazy)
 {
     PyObject *res = NULL;
+    PyImport_LazyImportsMode mode = PyImport_GetLazyImportsMode();
     // Check if global policy overrides the local syntax
-    switch (PyImport_GetLazyImportsMode()) {
+    switch (mode) {
         case PyImport_LAZY_NONE:
             lazy = 0;
             break;
         case PyImport_LAZY_ALL:
-            lazy = 1;
+            if (!lazy) {
+                lazy = is_lazy_import_module_level();
+            }
             break;
         case PyImport_LAZY_NORMAL:
             break;
     }
 
-    if (!lazy && PyImport_GetLazyImportsMode() != PyImport_LAZY_NONE) {
+    if (!lazy && mode != PyImport_LAZY_NONE && is_lazy_import_module_level()) {
         // See if __lazy_modules__ forces this to be lazy.
         lazy = check_lazy_import_compatibility(tstate, globals, name, level);
         if (lazy < 0) {